
The fight to reduce deaths from the single, biggest infectious killer of adults and children has never been more urgent. In 2021, pneumonia claimed the lives of 2.2 million, including 502,000 children, and COVID-19 killed an additional 10 million, according to the Global Burden of Disease. Together, they caused more deaths than any other cause, including heart disease. With climate change continuing to increase the burden of respiratory conditions and the risk of another pandemic of respiratory infection high, there is a pneumonia crisis across the life course placing millions at risk of infection and death.
For children, malnutrition (especially child growth failure), air pollution (especially household), and low birth weight are the major risks for pneumonia death. For adults, air pollution, smoking, and lack of hand washing with soap pose the major risks.
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